新托福阅读考试新题型解析
新托福阅读考试中偶尔会出现的新题型往往会令许多考生感到茫然和恐慌,不过新托福考试教师认为大家对新题型完全没必要害怕,下面托福培训教师就将给我们详细分析新托福阅读考试OG中没出现的各种新题型。
其实这些新题型并不是进入2009年,2010年以或者是2011年新出现的题型。这些题型其实是新托福考试自从诞生之日起,就已经出现了的题型,但是由于ETS的官方指南一直没有将这部分题型列入其中,因此是等到新托福突破口——TPO出现之后,才慢慢被人们知晓的,在这之前,只有传言,但是都是捕风捉影。话不多说,妙文开始!
新托福考试OG列出了阅读的10种题型:
1.Factualinformationquestions(纯粹细节)
2.Negativefactualinformationquestions(否定细节)
4.Rhetoricalpurposequestions(修辞目的题)
5.Vocabularyquestions(词汇题)
6.Referencequestions(指代题)
7.Sentencesimplificationquestions(句子简化题)
8.Inserttextquestion(句子插入题)
9.Prosesummary(内容摘要题)
10.Fillinatable(表格归类题)
但实际上,新托福考试阅读当中还考了一些OG中没列举出来的题目:
一.段间关系概括题:这种题目要求考生概括出2个自然段间的逻辑关系。比如说《THECAMBRIANEXPLOSION》这篇文章的第6题。
6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenParagraph2andParagraph3?
Paragraph2putsforwardseveralscientificclaims,oneofwhichisrejectedinParagraph3
Paragraph2posesseveralquestions,andParagraph3offersapossibleanswertooneofthem
Paragraph2presentsoutdatedtraditionalviews,whileParagraph3presentsthecurrentscientificconclusions.
Paragraph2introducesageneralizationthatisillustratedbyspecificexamplesinParagraph3
二.修辞手法题:这种题目是修辞目的的变体。OG中大多数题目只考察一个词组的修辞目的,而实际考试会对一句话甚至整段话的修辞目的进行考察。一个是考修辞对象,一个是考修辞的手段。比如说,《MeteoriteImpactandDinosaurExtinction》这篇文章第2题:
2.Inparagraph2,whydoestheauthorincludetheinformationthatdinosaurshadflourishedfortensofmillionsofyearsandthensuddenlydisappeared?
TosupporttheclaimthatthemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceousisthebest-documentedofthedozenorsomassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord
ToexplainwhyasmanyashalfofthespeciesonEarthatthetimearebelievedtohavebecomeextinctattheendoftheCretaceous
ToexplainwhypaleontologistshavealwaysbeenintriguedbythemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceous
Toprovideevidencethatanimpactcanbelargeenoughtodisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireplanetandcauseanecologicaldisaster
三.段落结构题:这里题目考查的是文章段落的构架,可以算是新题型。比如:《THEORIGINSOFTHEATER》这篇文章的第9题,
9.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofparagraph5?
Theauthorpresentstwotheoriesforahistoricalphenomenon.
Theauthorarguesagainsttheoriesexpressedearlierinthepassage.
Theauthorarguesforreplacingoldertheorieswithanewone.
Theauthorpointsoutproblemswithtwopopulartheories.
四.段落主题题:这种题目考查的是整个段落的主题,可以说是老托福段落主题题的延续:
比如《PetroleumResources》这篇文章的12题:
12.Inparagraph6,theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto
Provideexamplesofhowoilexplorationcanendangertheenvironment
Describeaccidentsthathaveoccurredwhenoilactivitieswereinprogress
Giveananalysisoftheeffectsofoilspillsontheenvironment
Explainhowtechnologyandlegislationhelpreduceoilspills
五.双选题:其实不仅仅在听力考试之中有双选题,阅读考试之中也是有双选题的,只是ETS有可能觉得这点并不重要,因此没有通知偶们,例子请见:《TheGeologicHistoryoftheMediterranean》这篇文章第5题。
5.SelecttheTWOanswerchoicefromparagraph3thatidentifymaterialsdiscoveredinthedeepestpartoftheMediterraneanbasin.ToreceivecredityoumustselectTWOanswers.
Volcanicrockfragments.
Thissiltlayers
Soft,deep-seamud
Crystallinesalt
以及《THERISEOFTEOTIHUACAN》这篇文章第11题:
11.SelecttheTWOanswerchoicesthatarementionedinparagraph5asbeingfeaturesofTeotihuacánthatmayhaveattractedimmigrantstothecity.Toreceivecredit,youmustselectTWOanswers.
Theprosperityoftheelite
Plentyofavailablehousing
Opportunitiesforwell-paidagriculturalemployment
Thepresenceofoneormorereligiousshrines
除此以外,OG对于新托福考试阅读题型的呈现方法也与真实考试有一定距离,如:
一.细节题的阅读跨度:OG中大多数题目只考一段,但是实际考试会有一道题目考2段、甚至是3段的情况。比如《GROUNDWATER》这篇文章的第10题:
10.Accordingtoparagraphs6and7,whyisbasaltunlikemostcrystallineformsofrock?
Itisunusuallysolid
Itoftenhashighporosity.
Ithasalowproportionofemptyspace.
Itishighlypermeable.
二.句子改写题的句子复杂性:真实考题比OG中的句子改写题要长很多,而且逻辑关系也更复杂。
三.指代题:OG指代题考得不少,真实考试指代题考得很少。
四.选项长度:真题的选项长度长很多。新托福阅读考试新题型解析
五.细节题题干关键字没有在原文直接给出。这让考生定位细节难度大幅度增加。不过说句公道话,其实在老托福考试就已经这样了,并不是在新托福考试之中独有的。比如《DepletionoftheOgallalaAquifer》这篇文章的第11题。
11.Paragraph5mentionswhichofthefollowingasasourceofdifficultyforsomefarmerswhotrytoconservewater?
CropsthatdonotneedmuchwateraredifficulttogrowintheHighPlains.
Farmerswhogrowcropsthatneedalotofwatermakehigherprofits.
Irrigatinglessfrequentlyoftenleadstocropfailure.
Fewfarmersareconvincedthattheaquiferwilleventuallyrundry.
六.文章的复杂程度新托福阅读