[托福培训]如何读懂托福阅读长难句

发布日期:2018-06-08 13:29 本文摘要:本篇托福培训,朗阁老师将从案例中分析三种题型的角度讨论如何解读托福长难句。 句子简化题中的长难句----先见森林,后见树木 森林代表的是该句话的结构,先见森林即考生首先应该关注的是该句话最核心的主干;树木代表的是该句话具体的词汇,那么后见树木指

  本篇托福培训,朗阁老师将从案例中分析三种题型的角度讨论如何解读托福长难句。

  句子简化题中的长难句----先见森林,后见树木

  森林代表的是该句话的结构,先见森林即考生首先应该关注的是该句话最核心的主干;树木代表的是该句话具体的词汇,那么后见树木指考生应该在了解主干之后才关注词汇,并且只是一些keywords.

  因果结构

  例题1(OG:DesertFormation):

  Theextremeseriousnessofdesertificationresultsfromthevastareasoflandandthetremendousnumbersofpeopleaffected,aswellasfromthegreatdifficultyofreversingorevenslowingtheprocess.

  10.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

  A.Desertificationisasignificantproblembecauseitissohardtoreverseandaffectslargeareasoflandandgreatnumbersofpeople.

  B.Slowingdowntheprocessofdesertificationisdifficultbecauseofpopulationgrowththathasspreadoverlargeareasofland.

  C.Thespreadofdesertsisconsideredaveryseriousproblemthatcanbesolvedonlyiflargenumbersofpeopleinvariouscountriesareinvolvedintheeffort.

  D.Desertificationisextremelyhardtoreverseunlessthepopulationisreducedinthevastareasaffected.

  解题步骤:

  1.观察题干,发现表示隐形因果的短语resultfrom

  2.浏览选项,发现A和B选项含有因果关系

  3.分析原句:原句中因:1).大量受到影响的土地vastareasofland;2).大量受到影响的人口tremendousnumbersofpeople;3).很难去减慢或者颠覆沙漠化过程reverseorslowtheprocess;原句中果:沙漠化是一个严重serious的问题;分析A选项:因:1).reverseprocess;2).affectlargeareasofland;3).affectgreatnumbersofpeople;果:沙漠化是一个significant的问题

  让步转折结构

  例题2(TPO17:AnimalSignalsintheRainForest):

  Inthegreen-toyellowlightingconditionsofthelowestlevelsoftheforest,yellowandgreenwouldbethebrightestcolors,butwhenananimalissignaling,thesecolorswouldnotbeveryvisibleiftheanimalwassittinginanareawithayellowishorgreenishbackground.

  7.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

  A.Whenananimalissignalinginanareawithgreen-toyellowlightingcondition,itssignalwillnotbevisibleifthebackgroundisbrightlylit.

  C.Inthegreen-to-yellowlightingconditionsatthelowestlevelsoftheforest,onlysignalsthatarethemselvesgreenoryellowwillbebrightenoughtobeseeninmostareas.

  D.Althoughgreenandyellowwouldbethebrightestcolorsneartheforestfloor,thesecolorswouldmakepoorsignalswhenevertheforestbackgroundwasalsointhegreen-to-yellowrange.

  解题步骤:

  1.分析题干,发现表转折的逻辑关系词but;前半句yellowandgreen会是最亮的颜色在低层森林中;后半句但是如果动物所处的background是yelloworgreenish,那么动物发出该种颜色的信号将不明显

  2.分析选项:只有D选项含有表让步转折的逻辑词although,进而分析句意:前半句:虽然greenandyellow在森林底层颜色最亮;后半句:在环境也是greentoyellow的情况下,这些颜色将是poorsignals

  3.原句与选项在句子的结构上符合:转折结构;在语义上符合:lowestleveloftheforest=forestfloor,Notveryvisible=poorsignals

  比较结构

  例题3(TPO17:AnimalSignalsintheRainForest):

  Inthesecondcase,pollinators(insects,birds)obtainfoodfromthefloweringplant,andtheplanthasitspollendistributedandseedsdispersedmuchmoreefficientlythantheywouldbeiftheywerecarriedbythewindonly.

  9.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

  A.Therelationshipbetweenfloweringplantsandpollinatorsprovidespollinatorswithfoodandflowerswithefficientreproduction.

  B.Insomecasesbirdsobtainfoodfromtheseedsthataredispersedinthewind.

  C.Thewindnotonlyhelpstheflowersdistributetheirseedsbutenablesbirdstofindmorefood.

  D.Animalsandinsectsaremoreeffectiveindistributingpollenandseedsthanthewind.

  解题步骤:

  1.分析原句,原句主要讲pollinator(insects&birds);plant;wind这三者之间的关系:具体来看是在比较对于plant来说,pollinator(insects&birds)要比windmoreefficiently地帮助其distributepollenanddisperseseeds,属于典型的比较关系

  2.分析选项,首先只有D选项含有比较关系,具体来看:animals&insects要比windmoreeffectively地去distributepollenandseeds

  3.原句与选项在句子的结构上符合比较结构,语义上符合

  事实信息题中的长难句----众里寻他千百度,所考信息在一处

  与句子简化题中所考的长难句不同(主要考察考生是否能把握住句子的主干信息),事实信息题的出题点针对的有可能只是该长难句的某一处细节信息。因此,考生针对这两种不同的题型,解读长难句的视角也应该有所不同。

  例题1(OG:DesertFormation):

  Theseregionsareespeciallylikelytohaveperiodsofseveredryness,sothatcropfailuresarecommon.Sincetheraisingofmostcropsnecessitatesthepriorremovalofthenaturalvegetation,cropfailuresleaveextensivetractsoflanddevoidofaplantcoverandsusceptibletowindandwatererosion.

  6.Accordingtoparagraph6,whichofthefollowingisoftenassociatedwithraisingcrops?

  B.Failuretoplantcropssuitedtotheparticulararea

  C.Removaloftheoriginalvegetation

  D.Excessiveuseofdriedanimalwaste

  解题步骤:

  1.读题干,找出定位词raisingcrops

  2.回原文进行定位,[托福培训]如何读懂托福阅读长难句定位到本段第二句since…

  3.分析定位句:原因状语从句+主句,浏览选项,只有C选项与原句的前半部分意思一致,同义转换部分:naturalvegetation=originalvegetation

  例题2(TPO14:PastoralisminAncientInnerEurasia):

  Paragraph4:Nomadismalsosubjects

  朗阁培训托福培训托福阅读