托福阅读分类别逻辑得分要点
托福阅读中,分类别逻辑也是常考查的高频逻辑之一。主观题和客观题目都有涉及,但以客观题为主。
(1)如TPO中的这道细节题
Paragraph2:Duringwakefulness,breathingiscontrolledbytwointeractingsystems.Thefirstisanautomatic,metabolicsystemwhosecontroliscenteredinthebrainstem.Itsubconsciouslyadjustsbreathingrateanddepthinordertoregulatethelevelsofcarbondioxide(C02,)andoxygen(02,),andtheacid-baseratiointheblood.Thesecondsystemisthevoluntary,behavioralsystem.Itscontrolcenterisbasedintheforebrain,anditregulatesbreathingforuseinspeech,singing,sighing,andsoon.Itiscapableofignoringoroverridingtheautomatic,metabolicsystemandproducesanirregularpatternofbreathing.
题目:Accordingtoparagraph2,allofthefollowingaretrueofthevoluntarybreathingsystemEXCEPT:
选项A:Ithasitscontrolcenterinthebrainstem
这个段落里将twointeractingsystems分成两个类别,题目是找出不属于第二个类别的表述,选项A属于个类别特点,选项的设置采用了张冠李戴。
(2)再如TPO中的这道细节题
Paragraph5:Thecausesofthispopulationreboundareconsequencesofotherhumanactions.First,themajorpredatorsofdeer---wolves,cougar,andlynx--havebeengreatlyreducedinnumbers.Second,conservationhasbeeninsuredbylimitingtimesforandtypesofhunting.Butthemostprofoundreasonfortherestorationofhighpopulationnumbershasbeenthegateoftheforests.Greattractsoflowlandcountrydeforestedbylogging,fire,orbothhavebecomeidealfeedinggroundsofdeer.
题目:WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinparagraph5asafactorthathasincreaseddeerpopulations?
选项:D
A.Areductioninthenumberofpredators
B.Restrictionsonhunting
C.Theeffectsofloggingandfire
D.Lawsthatprotectedfeedinggroundsofdeer
这个段落里将原因分成三个方面,选项D属于未提到的原因。
(3)再如TPO中的这道修辞目的题
题目Inparagraph3,whydoestheauthorprovidetheinformationthat40percentofAmericancattlearefattenedintheHighPlains?
选项C:ToprovideanotherexampleofhowwaterfromtheOgallalahastransformedtheeconomyoftheHighPlains.
段落里分类别描述了农业灌溉改变当地经济的不同方面的表现,题目正是inaddition所在句,即该段的最后一个方面,同时结合修辞目的题的特点,分类前的主旨句(该段2句)就是答案。
分类别逻辑词还有诸如:Also,too,besides,furthermore,moreover,additionally,again,aswellas,inaddition,whatismore,first---next/second--third/last,inthefirstplace,tobeginwith,foronething-----foranotherthing,希望大家多关注阅读中的分类别逻辑,通过给出的逻辑词迅速把握文章框架,除此之外,写作里也可以多借鉴阅读里经常考察的逻辑词,使你的文章更严密。
托福阅读托福阅读分类别逻辑得分要点