托福作文评分再解读

发布日期:2018-06-15 11:35 本文摘要:老师经常会遇到这样的考生:听力水准很好,阅读分数也很高,但是综合写作考试两次都是FAIR,独立写作也是同样的命运。其实仔细分析该考生的作文后,发现此考生仅仅是埋头刷听力和阅读,而对写作的评分标准却一知半解。 笔者想通过此文帮助更多一直徘徊在FAIR

  老师经常会遇到这样的考生:听力水准很好,阅读分数也很高,但是综合写作考试两次都是FAIR,独立写作也是同样的命运。其实仔细分析该考生的作文后,发现此考生仅仅是埋头刷听力和阅读,而对写作的评分标准却一知半解。

  笔者想通过此文帮助更多一直徘徊在FAIR分数的考生取得理想的托福写作分数。本文中,笔者将分别从综合写作和独立写作FAIR的评分结合具体的例子加以诠释。(本文在分析时不分析书写中的语言错误毕竟语法方面的问题多数考生还是关注的,但是对于评分方面往往容易忽视。)

  一、综合写作FAIR评分

  Yourespondedtothetask,relatingthelecturetothereading,butyourresponseindicatesweaknessessuchas:

  A:animportantideaorideasmaybemissing,unclearorinaccurate

  对于这个诠释,包含了三个信息(重要信息点遗失、表达不清楚、或不准确)。笔者将分别通过TPO真题和2010年的部分综合写作机经来呈现上面的关键扣分字眼:

  MISSING:这个片段节选自TPO30的第一个分论点:原文阅读第一个点说的是GREEK没有技术制造burningmirror;听力细节的关键字眼是GREEK,usedozenofpiecesofcoppershapeparabolicshapemathematicianknowthefeatureofshape

  Firstofall,thereadingmaterialtellsthattheancientGreeksdidnothavesuchtechnologytomakesuchalargedevice.However,thelecturersaysthattheGreeksdidntneedtoformasinglesheetofcoopertomakesuchalargemirror.Theycanmakeseveralsmallpiecesandputthemtogethertoformabigparabolicmirror.

  这个段落基本是按照听力信息点来写的,但是数字信息(DOZENOF)遗漏了。为了更好地提醒自己听力中的数字信息点,笔者推荐练习TPO7(第二个听力点)和TPO9(第一个听力点)---避免这个扣分项目的办法就是一定要看懂阅读的每一个点及其后面的例子或解释的句子。比如说TPO20的第三个阅读点:salvageloggingisbeneficialtotheeconomy.但是后面的例子有两个:industrialusage(1);creatingmorejobsforthelocalpeople(2).如果考生们注意到了有两个例子支持的话,那么在听力录音中就要记得是有相应的两个例子的。

  INACCURATE:Firstly,thearticlesuggeststhattheancientGreeksdonothavethetechnologytomanufacturealargesheetofcopper.However,thelectureholdstheviewthattheancientGreeksdonotneedtomakealargesheetofcopper.Theycanusemanysmallcopperswhichareeasytomaketofocusthesamesunlightwithsufficientintensityasthelargeonedoes.

  划线的句子和上面的笔记相比就是不准确的表达。---其实这个错误的根本原因在于考生确实没有听到,为了达到字数编造的可能性很大。

  同理,另一位考生的片段书写,根据笔记看,dozen考生换成了abunchof,但是划线的句子是听力细节中没有提及的,butthespeakercontendsthattheydidnotneedthesheetatall,becauseexperimentsshowedthatabunchofpiecescoppercouldeasilycausefireonshipandtheirmathematicianknewhowtocurvethemirror.

  UNCLEAR:2010年10月31日的综合习作阅读片段:becausewavefarmsarebuiltunderwater,itsimpactonthelocalenvironmentisnegligible.听力对应的细节是fishaffect,birdsdependingonfishalsoinfluence,scientiststoxicfluidsubstanceharmtofish。其实对于这个录音来说,考生们获得信息是不难的,并没有什么很困难的单词,但是考生们听到influence后面的笔记就不记了,,whiletheprofessorarguesthatmarinefishcanbeaffected.Also,birdsrelyingonfishcanbevulnerableaswell.那么问题就来了,fish是怎么被影响了?那么这样的书写就会由于unclear被扣分。其实同样还有TPO8关于回忆录的一个片段:第一个点说的是这个人回忆录是捏造的,他并没有钱,因为他借了很多钱。考生们听到的录音是这样的:...However,thelecturerpointsoutthatthemanwaswealthybecausehehadtowaitformoneytocome.看这个片段的困惑是等哪里的钱来?天上的馅饼?如果接着听下去录音的解释就表达清楚了:thefactthathehadtosellhispropertytogetmoneyforthepartyorgambling,whilehavingaccesstothemoneyneedstotakesometime.---为了避免这个错误是很容易的,听题中自己多设置疑问,是否不符合逻辑?不符合逻辑的地方就会主动去获得不该丢失的信息!

  B:theremaybeunclearinhowthelectureandthereadingpassagearerelated

  这个扣分的意思在于考生在书写时没有做好听力和阅读的搭---这就和我们平时穿衣服要配衣服的感觉是一样的:搭配的好,视觉感就美,反之亦然。---避免这个错误的方法就是看懂阅读点。比如说TPO9的第一个点:很多考生会找错地方,看成了段落第一句,而其实第一句说的是internalconbustionengine的缺点,考生没有意识到阅读位置的错误,自然与听力就很不搭:thehydrogenenergynoteasyavailableproducedifficult...pureliquid,purificationalso,store,minus235degrees。

  二、独立作文FAIR为何扣分

  1.Yourexpressedideaswithreasons,examples,anddetailsandyourresponseindicatedweaknessessuchas:

  ---youmaynotprovidespecificsupportanddevelopmentforyourmainpoints.

  这个考分原因有以下诠释:有论据,但是论据不够;有论据,由于论据不够段落不develop。

  A:有论据

  笔者呈现一个在平时批改中的片段(题目关于是过去还是现在教师受到社会重视),Teachersareentitledtomorepublicwelfarethaninthepast,sothatiswhyIthinksocietyshowsgreaterappreciationtoteachersthesedays.Asweallknow,teachingcanbeapainstakingjobandthelackofoutdoorexercisemakesteachersmoresusceptibletohealthcrisessuchasgastropathy.TaketheUnitedStatesasanexample,publicschoolteachersareprovidedwithfreemedicaltreatmentbyinsurancecompanies.Plus,theyalsoreceiveannualmedicalcheck-upwhichhelpsthembeawareoftheirbodystatusthegovernmentoffersbetterwelfaretoteachersthantheydidinthepast,whichindicatesthattodaysteachersaremorerespected.所谓有论据的意思是,考题中重要字眼的具体化。本题主要说对教师的重视,文中提及到了美国的公办学校的教师的待遇。

  再举一个反面的例子,一个无论据的段落是什么样子的:hepast,therearenoadvanceddigitalproductsandtheyoungcouldjustmaketheirdecisionsbythemselvesorjustlistentotheirparents.Atthattime,manypeople'sthoughtsareout-datedanditmaysometimesaffectone'sdecisionmaking.Atpresent,instead,wemakeourdecisionsbysearchingontheInternetorwatchingsomerelativeprogramsontheTVtogetmoreguidance---仔细读后发现,段落里morereference没有具体的例子;同样makingdecision什么决定也没有,那就更谈不上有足够的论据了。

  B:有足够的证据

  Teachersareentitledtomorepublicwelfarethaninthepast,sothatiswhyIthinksocietyshowsgreaterappreciationtoteachersthesedays.Asweallknow,teachingcanbeapainstakingjobandthelackofoutdoorexercisemakesteachersmoresusceptibletohealthcrisessuchasgastropathy.TaketheUnitedStatesasanexample,publicschoolteachersareprovidedwithfreemedicaltreatmentbyinsurancecompanies.Plus,theyalsoreceiveannualmedicalcheck-upwhichhelpsthembeawareoftheirbodystatus.Foranotherexample,teachersinChinacangetpaidduringsummervacationswhentheydonothaveclasses.Decadesearlier,however,teacherscouldnotbenefitfromthispolicyandtheiraveragesalarywasmuchlower.Itisobviousthatthegovernmentoffersbetterwelfaretoteachersthantheydidinthepast,whichindicatesthattodaysteachersaremorerespected---不仅说到美国的老师,也提及到了中国的老师在漫长的暑假不上班也有工资。

  C:有足够的证据段落的发展

  (下面这个片段研究的是playwithfriendsandsimpletoys&relytoomuchononlinegames,computerorsocialnetwork)

  Firstofall,playingoutsidewithfriendsisgoodforthehealth.Forexample,Ialwaysgooutsidewithmyfriendstoplaybasketballtogether.Inthecommonsituation,playingonecompetitionneedsfiftyminutes,butinthefactwenotonlyplaythegame,butalsospendmoretimepracticingthebasketballskills,suchaspointshotanddribble.Atthesametime,duringthecompetition,weneedtoconstantconfrontations,run,jump,snatchtheballandsoon,sowecangetalotofexerciseandallofusareverystrongandtall.However,childrenwholiketodependtoomuchonthetechnologyusuallyignoretheimportanceofthephysicalexercise,andmostofthemliketoplaythecellphoneorcomputergamesinthehouse,andthiswillleadtoobesityandmyopia.Obviously,playingoutsidewithfriendsisgoodforthehealthdevelopmentofchildren.在这个段落书写中,可以看到孩子关于论点playoutside具体的例子书写;而且书写详细(足够的例子),而且有机的和反方对象对比,并且对比点相关---健康要素。

  D:段落的发展

  书写中必要的解释(粗体字显示)和细节(斜体字展示),会使得读者明白前因后果,更加觉得有说服力。

  Firstofall,youngpeoplethesedaysaremorewillingtospendtimeimprovetheworldbecausetheyareinfluencedbytheinternet.Inotherwords,theinternetmakesiteasierforyoungpeopletosharetheirideas.Forexample,theycanuseYoutubeasaplatformtoexpressthemselves.ThereareabunchofteenageYoutuberswhomakeinnovativevideosabouttheirviewstowardspoliticsandworld-wideevents.Fewyearsago,aPakistaniyouthMalalaYousafzaigainedtremendouspublicattention.ShewrotealettertotheBBCconcerningthegenderinequalityinhercountryandpeoplearoundtheworldheardherstorythroughtheinternet.Theyworkedtogetherandsolvedhercountrysproblem.Malalasstorywidelyspreadontheinternetwhichinspiredalotmoreyoungsterstostandupandimprovetheircountry.However,inthepast,itwasdifficultforambitiousyoungsterstobeheardandappreciatedbytheworldbecauseoflessprevalentinternet.Therefore,theirabilitytocontributetotheworldwaslimited.

  2.Yourideasmaybedifficulttofollowbecauseofhowyouorganizeyouressays简单的说就是论据和论点是两回事,大家各唱各的戏。请看一个段落书写:

  Second,spendingtoomuchtimeonthesevirtualtechnologiesmakeschildrenmoreandmoredifficulttoaccepteducationfromothers.NomatterusingcellphoneandsocialnetworkingWebsiteorplayingtheonlinegamesisanactivitywhichlacksfacetofacecommunication.Althoughchildrencanlearnsomethingfromthesetechnologies,theycanalsobecomesolitaryiftheyspendtoomuchtimeonthesevirtualtechnologies.Forexample,mycousinwasafamousplayerinanonlinegamebecauseofhishighranks.Hereallyacquiredalotofpleasureandrespectfromthegame(具体的游戏?).Sooncehehadtime,hemustbeinfrontofthecomputerplayingthatgame.Hefoundhecouldenjoymoreinthegamethaninreallife.Thenhebecameapersonhatedtohavecommunicationwithothersandlivedinhisownworld.Finally,hehadnowaysbuttoquitschool.---从论据来看,和论点不搭,貌似是个性改变。

  综上所述,新托福综合写作要注意在书写时听力细节是很重要的,不能遗失重要点;要说明白;不要编造录音内容,确保准确;还要注意的是阅读和听力之间的书写一定要搭。对于独立写作,题目中的关键字眼一定要在书写时呈现论据;用足够的细节和段落论点后的必要解释来很好地发展段落。

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